In this article we will first propose some definitions of generation gap, generation discontinuity, and generation difference, and amongst all of them, the generation gap will be emphasized as a social problem in Iran. Data shows that in both national research projects of 1379 and 1382, there are no significant mean difference between youth and older generation, as far as, the religious values, political values and social values are concerned. In some areas the mean difference among youth and older people have not been much different.

Among the anomalies observed in contrast to classical finance is momentum, a concept derived from physics that represents the persistence in past performance and examines the existence of inertia and the root of continuity in the future outperformance of previous winning stocks and the underperformance of previous losing stocks. On the other hand, industry time-series momentum focuses solely on absolute performance, and its strategies are dependent on temporally varying net long positions. Hence, time-series momentum has outpaced other strategies. In examining the role of Information dissemination on the effect of industry time-series momentum, indicators with valid meanings were selected under both positive and negative signals in order to incorporate the dimension of the Informational environment. In this regard, Information discontinuity and noise level were used as proxies and measured across 120 listed companies using a systematic elimination method and within four decile-based portfolios structured under 3-month strategies over holding periods ranging from 1 to 36 months, during the years 2021 to 2023. Ultimately, across all long-term portfolio formation strategies, including two short-term and nine short-term holding periods, the effect of industry time-series momentum was found to be stronger during boom periods; thus, the research hypothesis is confirmed.

Introduction: Evaluation of hospital Information system (HIS) is a complex endeavor, in which all human, technical and organizational aspects should be considered. This study aimed to develop indicators for HIS evaluation.Methods: Present qualitative study was carried out through a cross-sectional method in 2012 in Kerman province, using Delphi technique. Given the objectives of this study, three independent phases were performed including literature review, providing draft indicators for HIS evaluation and reaching consensus. Required data were obtained through interviews and designed forms. Twenty-three experts composed the study population in interview and reaching consensus phases. Validity and reliability were confirmed through content validity and test-retest method, respectively. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.Results: Final set of indicators for HIS evaluation consisted of ninety-one indicators under 8 main topics, i.e. technical quality, software quality, architecture and interface quality, vendor quality, after-sale services quality, workflow support quality, support department, outcome quality and HIS cost.Conclusion: Given the complexity of Information system evaluation, all human, technical and organizational aspects have to be taken into account in any evaluation. Proposed indicators provide the possibility of comprehensive evaluation of HIS.

The lifestyle is constructed by the family and it shapes the personality. The Islamic lifestyle has emphasized on the Islamic teachings. The Islamic lifestyle connects to all individual orientations. Hence, it has an Islamic form; it cannot be irrelevant with emotion, knowing and intentions. At least, it should be supported by emotion, knowing and intentions. One of the problems which families engage is thought and value differences in parent-child relation. The generation discontinuity phenomenon is a sociological phenomenon which is resulted from absence of Islamic lifestyle in our society. This paper aims to present the ways to confront with this generation discontinuity in the family. This note has been adopted with a descriptive method to examine the generation discontinuity in the family and the effective factors which impact on it and then has clarified the methods which are confronted with it. The results show that the Islamic lifestyle which its base is on moderation causes the empathetic relation in families and avoid the generation discontinuity.

Estimating electricity demand elasticity in different sectors has been an essential research topic. Considering the fact that pricing electricity in various countries does not follow the same rules, many econometrics methods have been developed to estimate this crucial parameter. Electricity demand elasticity is defined as the percent change in electricity consumption in response to one percentage change in electricity price. Having a correct estimate of this parameter would help policymakers to price electricity properly in order to reach desirable goals in electricity consumption optimization and many other aspects of electricity consumption. In Iran, Tavanir which is a subsidiary of the Ministry of Energy, announces the price schedule of electricity in different months and regions. Examining the price schedules in different counties would make it clear that there are neighboring counties in which the imposed tariffs are not the same. In this research, using the fact that there are different tariffs imposed in some neighboring countries, the regression discontinuity design is exploited to identify the household electricity demand price elasticity causally. The findings of this research suggest that on average, increasing the electricity price by one percentage would lead to the decrease of electricity consumption by around 0. 4 to 0. 7 percent.

Subsidence is one of the inevitable phenomena of most underground mining and excavations, especially in long-wall mining methods (i.e. in filling, without filling and mechanized long-wall methods). It may also occur in room and pillar mining methods (i.e. in both with and without pillar recovery methods). Subsidence phenomenon occurs due to some vertical and horizontal displacements of the ground surface located just above the excavated area. This may also in turn causes surface destructions and eventually result in irretrievable loss of life and property. In this study, a higher order displacement discontinuity method (HODDM) which is a subdivision of the boundary element method (BEM) was used to model the subsidence. To be able to evaluate the horizontal strains on the surface of the excavation the finite difference method (FDM) is also added to the proposed numerical method. The vertical displacement and the horizontal strain (relative displacement) of the ground surface of the excavating area can be evaluated by this modeling technique. It should be noted that, subsidence due to the mining of both horizontal and inclined (oblique) layers were considered in this study. Some of the numerical results are compared with their corresponding empirical ones given in the literature. This comparison shows a good agreement between the numerical and empirical results.

The presence of pores and cracks in porous and fractured rocks is mostly accompanied by fluid flow. Poroelasticity can be used for the accurate modeling of many rock structures in the petroleum industry. The approach of the stress to the value of the fracture stress and the effect of pore pressure on the deformation of rock are among the effects of fluid on the mechanical behavior of the medium. Due to the deformation-diffusion property of porous media, governing equations, strain-displacement, and stress-strain relationships can be changed to each other. In this study, constitutive equations and relationships necessary to investigate the behavior and reaction of rock in a porous environment are stated. Independent and time-dependent differential equations for an impulse and point fluid source are used to obtain the fundamental solutions. Influence functions are obtained by using the shape functions in the formulation of the fundamental solutions and integrating them. To check the validity and correctness of provided formulation, several examples are mentioned. In the first two examples, numerical application and analytical solution are used at different times and in undrained and drained conditions. In times 0 (undrained response of medium) and 4500 seconds (drained response of medium), there is good coordination and agreement between the numerical and analytical results. In the third example, using the numerical application, a crack propagation path in the wellbore wall is obtained, which is naturally in the direction of maximum horizontal stress.